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Browsing Journals by Author "Semiono, Avelina"

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    Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis among neonates in Temeke and Mwananyamala Hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    (Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2016) Protas, Joyce; Semiono, Avelina; Sariah, Adellah
    Background: Neonatal sepsis contributes significantly to neonatal mortality. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at Mwananyamala and Temeke hospitals in Dar es Salaam, during August-September, 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain demographic, obstetrics and clinical information. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was done clinically. Relationship between outcome variable and exposure variable was done using Chi square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure association after controlling for confounders. Results: A total of 220 neonates were recruited, 69 (31.4%) had sepsis. The risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis were maternal age of >35 years (AOR=6.7; 95%CI 2.1-20.1; p-value-0.001) and resuscitation at birth (AOR=1.25195%CI1. 22-3.88; p-value=0.025). Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis among neonates in Dar es Salaam is associated with maternal and health services related factors. The findings underscore the importance of routine assessment and close monitoring of neonates. It is therefore recommended to have more skilled health personnel and advanced equipment while providing maternal and new-born health care services.
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    Surgical Site Infection among Patients Undergone Orthopaedic Surgery at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
    (East and Central African Journal of Surgery, 2017) Protas, Joyce; Semiono, Avelina; Mika, Elizabeth Z.; Sariah, Adellah
    Background: The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and factors associated with surgical site infection at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute (MOI) in Dar es Salaam, from August, 2015 to October 2015. Convenience sampling technique was used to recruit postoperative patients for this study. Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain demographic, social, and clinical information from respondents. Determination of the relationship between outcome and exposure variables was done using chi square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association after controlling for confounders. Odds ratio corresponding to 95% confidence interval with a p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 300 study participants 75(25.0%) had surgical site infection. This was highly determined by more than 2 hours length of surgical procedure (AOR= 1.4; 95%CI 1.14-6.69; P value=0.05), none prophylactic use of antibiotics (AOR= 3.4; 95%CI 1.6-7.78; P value=0.03), more than one week stay before surgery (AOR=3.3; 95%CI 2.24-3.34; P value =0.00). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of surgical site infection at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was high. This was associated with more than 2 hours length of surgery, lack of prophylaxis use, and pre-operative hospital stay.