Browsing by Author "Kabuga, Hamis"

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    Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection among pregnant women attending ante-natal care at Kairuki Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    (medrxiv.org, 2025-12-20) Gabriel, Deogratias R.; Mayanda, Ashura; Rogers, Anastasia M.; Kabuga, Hamis; Kungulilo, Selemani; Ngassala, Maureen; Msangi, Walter; Chiduo, Monica; Mtango, Manento E.; Pierre, Jeanne; Kapesa, Haji E.; Balilemwa, Lemmygius D.; Mafuru, Magesa; Isaac Makanda H.
    Introduction Urinary tract infections are common to pregnant and nonpregnant women estimated to 150 million new cases annually. The incidence increases with pregnancy due changes that take place. Causative microbes are E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococci species. The disease presents symptomatically or asymptomatically, early investigation, detection and treatment to pregnant mothers are crucial to avoid maternal and foetal complications. Several effective antimicrobials are contraindicated using ineffective agents jeopardizes treatment outcome leading to multidrug resistance. We assessed UTI causative microbes and susceptibility patterns to common antibiotics. Methods We conducted a hospital based cross sectional study at Kairuki hospital involving 262 pregnant mothers attending ante-natal clinics. Mid-stream urine was collected and inoculated on Cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar, MacConkey and blood agar. Eleven microbes were isolated and tested for susceptibility against antibiotics using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar. Data analysed using SPSS package version 23. Results The prevalence of UTI in pregnant mothers was 31.2% (82/262). The gram positive isolates were more prevalent than gram nmoste (59.3% versus 40.7%) Staphylococcus aureus 22/82 (26.2%) and S. saprophyticus 15/82 (17.9%) were the mostly isolated. Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin/tazobactam have lowest resistant rate to both gram negative and gram positive isolates ranging from (0-26%) while Erythromycin and Ampicillin have the highest resistant rate ranging from (60-100%) therefore associated with multidrug resistant. Conclusion Asymptomatic UTI is prevalent to pregnant women at this hospital. We recommend culture and sensitivity results to guide treatment and usage of nitrofurantoin, piperacillin/tazobactam as first line treatment of UTI in pregnancy.
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    Is it time for Africa to adopt primaquine in the era of malaria control and elimination?
    (Tropical Medicine and Health, 2022-02-25) Mwaiswelo, Richard O.; Kabuga, Hamis
    Primaquine is a gametocytocidal drug known to significantly reduce malaria transmission. However, primaquine induces a dose-dependent acute hemolytic anemia (AHA) in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency that has led to a limited use of the drug especially in Africa where the condition is common. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends a single low dose (SLD) of primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) as P. falci-parum gametocytocidal without the need for prior screening of G6PD status. Adoption and implementation of SLD primaquine in Africa may probably reduce malaria transmission, a pre-requisite for malaria elimination. This review therefore, focused on the safety of primaquine for control of malaria in Africa. The literature search was performed using online database Google Scholar, PubMed, HINARI, and Science Direct. Search terms used were “malaria”, “pri-maquine”, “safety”, “G6PD deficiency”, “large scale” or “mass administration”. Clinical trials in many African countries have shown SLD primaquine to be safe especially in a milder African G6PD A- variant. Likewise, large-scale primaquine administrations outside Africa involving hundreds of thousands to tenths of millions of participants and with severe variants of G6PD deficiency have also shown primaquine to be safe and well-tolerated. Fourteen deaths associated with primaquine have been reported globally over the past 6 decades, but none occurred following the administra-tion of SLD primaquine. Available evidence shows that the WHO-recommended SLD primaquine dose added to effec-tive schizonticides is safe and well-tolerated even in individuals with G6PD deficiency, and therefore, it can be safely used in the African population with the mildest G6PD A- variant.