Ku Repository :: Browsing by Author "Mbao, Ezekiel H."

Browsing by Author "Mbao, Ezekiel H."

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Association between childhood emotional abuse with self-esteem among students in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
(International Journal of Psychology Research, 2021) Mwakanyamale, Adela A.; Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Background: Emotional abuse is the mostly widespread type of childhood experience which result from the following aspects: the relationship between a parent and a child, the interaction that shapes the relationship, and potentially harmful interactions which may lead into impairment on a child’s developmental and emotional health. This form of abuse is believed to affect the overall psychological adjustment of the child as a result, victims may experience psychological distress with symptoms of low self-esteem, depression and anxiety. This study investigates association between emotional abuse with self- esteem among students in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study of secondary school students that was conducted in randomly selected schools in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The data collection process started July 2019 and was completed in July 2020. Each participant was contacted and informed about the purpose of the research, confidentiality issues, and reporting of the results. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain a required number of the study participants. Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaires were used to measure the variables under this study. Keywords: childhood emotional, abuse, psychological distress
Awareness and decision making on health seeking and utilization behaviors among substance abuse youths .
(American Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2017) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Substance abuse has continued to increase in Tanzania particularly among youth with minority of them seeking the available health services. This study sought to determine the relationship between awareness and decision making on health seeking and utilization behaviors among youth involved in substance abuse in Kinondoni municipality, Dar es Salaam. Concurrent mixed methodology was used. Data were collected among youth with substance abuse problems through face-to-face interviews (n=300) using a structured survey questionnaire. In addition, in-depth interviews (n=23), and focus group discussions (n=5) were conducted. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Content analysis was used for analyzing qualitative data. Results showed that (74.3%, n=223) of the respondents did not seek and utilize the available treatment options. The majority (62.4%, n=187) of them did not know that their substance abuse problems can be treated using the available treatment options, and 78.2% (n=235) of the participants had little or no concerns about their substance abuse problems. The majority of participants had little information regarding the treatment of substance abuse and major sources of information about substance abuse treatment options were through friends and families followed by radio and television. The reasons related to not seeking and utilizing the available health services may be associated with the low awareness levels of the available treatment options among individuals with substance abuse, little belief that their substance abuse problem can be treated, and having less or no concern about their substance abuse problem. Thus future studies are needed to examine the accessibility and acceptability of the available rehabilitation services for substance abuse in Dar es Salaam.
Challenges facing mothers who practice Kangaroo mother care in health facilities; a case of Dar es Salaam
(International Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 2017) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Kangaroo mother care has been proved scientifically to reduce morbidity and mortality of preterm infants since it maintains bonding between mother and infant as a result of skin to skin contact, protects infants against infection, stimulates milk secretion, reduces hospital long stay for the infant and provides good sleep pattern to infants because of comfortability from the mother. The objective of this study was to assess challenges facing mothers who practice kangaroo mother care method for their preterm or low birth weight babies in Dar es Salaam. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. Mwananyamala hospital which is located in Kinondoni municipality was purposively selected for the study. The study population included mothers who practice kangaroo mother care method in the kangaroo unit of the hospital. Data was collected using structured interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Fifteen individual interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted. Data was analysed using content analysis methods where themes were developed from the responses. Major factors that affect kangaroo mother care include little knowledge of kangaroo mother care, fatigue of mothers, lack of cooperation from health care workers and unconducive environment of the wards. Recommendations from the study are that mothers should be educated on the importance of kangaroo mother care during the perinatal period, health care workers should encourage mothers to practice kangaroo method and hospital administrators should furnish the kangaroo wards with the necessary equipment.
Challenges of monitoring reproductive health services: a case study of antenatal clinics in Kinondoni municipality, Dar Es Salaam.
(2015) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Introduction: Antenatal Care (ANC) is one of the interventions that have the potential of significantly reducing the maternal mortality rate when properly conducted. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the challenges of monitoring and evaluation of reproductive health services using ANC clinics as a case study and identify strategies for addressing the challenges. Methods: The study was descriptive cross sectional employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample population included nurse-midwives who manage ANC clinics in Kinondoni Municipality. Results: Of the 30 respondents, 24 respondents noted the need to improve monitoring of the ANC services. Challenges noted were low information use, inadequate human resource, and lack of feedback data from higher authorities. Conclusion: There is need to improve information flow and use, have frequent supportive supervision visits, seminars and workshops to update nurse midwife managers with knowledge and skills of monitoring and evaluation, and development of a culture of information.
Childhood emotional neglect experiences as a risk factor for psychological distress among adolescents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A community-based cross sectional study
(Journal of Clinical Images and Medical Case Reports, 2022-01-04) Mwakanyamale, Adela A.; Mbao, Ezekiel H.; Sungwa, Edson.
Background: Emotional neglects is the mostly widespread type of childhood experience which is believed to affect the overall psycho-logical adjustment of the child as a result, victims may experience psy- chological distress with symptoms of low self-esteem, depression and anxiety. There is limited published data on this subject in Tanzania. This study investigates emotional neglect as a risk factor for psychological distress among adolescents in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study of adolescents that was conducted in randomly selected schools in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The data collection process started July 2019 and was completed in July 2020. Each participant was contacted and in- formed about the purpose of the research, confidentiality issues, and reporting of the results. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to obtain a required number of the study participants. Kes- sler psychological distress scale (K10) and the Adverse Childhood Expe- rience (ACE) questionnaires were used to measure the variables under this study. Results: Out of 3193 participants enrolled in the study, 1543(48.3%) participants were male and 1650(51.7%) were female. The partici-pants’ age ranged from 13 to 18 years old (mean ± standard devia- tion= 16.44 ± 2.58 years). Childhood emotional neglect was reported in 51.9% of participants. There was a strong positive correlation between childhood emotional neglect and psychological distress during adoles- cence (r= 0.55, p<0.001). Conclusion: Finding from this study demonstrated that childhood emotional neglect is prevalent in our setting and is associated with psychological distress during adolescence. Urgent intervention target- ing at reducing occurrence of childhood psychological maltreatment is necessary to reduce the incidence of psychological distress among Tanzanian adolescents. Keywords: emotional neglect; psychological distress; adolescents; Tanzania
Exploration of heroin use behaviors and its associated risk factors among youth with heroin-dependence in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
(American Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 2014) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Objective: Heroin abuse among youth in Tanzania continued to increase over the past decades. This study sought to explore heroin abuse among youth in Dar es Salaam. Methodology: The study comprised of 16 participants (15 males) aged between 18 to 25 years who were obtained through snow ball sampling technique. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to inquire their general knowledge, attitude, practices and the associated risks on heroin use. The sample size was determined by saturation principle; till when the researchers found no further new information emerging from in-depth interviews. Main findings: Most participants reported peer pressure and lack of formal employment as contributing factors for engaging in heroin use. Though most participants acknowledged heroin use to be accompanied with several consequences, but found difficult to abstain from it. The underlying reasons for these were continuous peer pressure, lack of effective drug rehabilitation services and withdrawal syndrome. The risk factors that reported to be associated with heroin use included mental illnesses, marital conflicts, risk to infections, robbery, legal problems, and rejection from families, friends and community at large. Conclusion and recommendations: This study demonstrated that individuals with heroin dependence encounter several difficulties towards abstinence including complexity of peer pressure and other patterns of social networks. Thus, future studies are warranted to explore the complex relationship between heroin use and associated risk factors in Tanzania.
Factors associated with maternal death among women of child bearing age on the community perspectives; A case study of Kisemvule Village in Mkuranga District, Tanzania 2019
(Journal of Trauma and Rehabilitation, 2020-03-10) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
Objective: In the world, 303,000 women lose their life due to the complications related to pregnancy and childbirth. Tanzania is ranked 6th and 4th among the countries with high maternal mortality globally and Africa respectively. About 23 women in Tanzania are dying daily due to preventable causes, related to pregnancy and childbirth that is approximately one woman every hour. The objective of this study was assessment of risk factors on community setting associated with maternal death among women of child bearing age. Methods: During the study both quantitative and qualitative design was employed in which under quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken. Results: We enrolled 124 women of child bearing age. The mean age was 17.7. (37%) mentioned preeclampsia as the most risk factor leading to maternal death, 21% reported abortion, 13.7% mentioned anemia, and 12.1% reported postpartum hemorrhage, and 10.5% pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), 3.2% ante partum hemorrhage and 2.4% early pregnancy. Other risk factors that seemed to cause maternal death included; delay to seek health facility to pregnant mother (8.9%), long distance from health facility to people’s residents (57.%), poor transport system in the village to reach the present health care facility (4.8%), negligence from health workers was also reported by the women as contributing factor (13.7%), economic condition-poverty (7.3%) absence of emergency blood bank in the health facility(4.8%), and poor nutrients to pregnant mother (3.2%). More studies are needed in the community so as to explore more understanding on the risk factors among women of child bearing age
The relationship between work stress and employees’ performance in public health sectors: a case of Mbeya Regional Hospital, Tanzania
(The International Journal of Humanities &Social Studies, 2020) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
The study aimed at assessing the relationship between work stress and employees’ performance in public health Sectors at Mbeya Regional Hospital in Tanzania. Descriptive cross-sectional research design informed the study, employed on a sample of 120 respondents attained through stratified sampling. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaires while secondary data were captured through documentary analysis. The multiple regression analysis was used in analyzing data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Findings revealed that the significant number of doctors; nurses and medical attendants experience high level of job performance accompanied with moderate level of work stress. The total work stress scores were statistically significantly positively related to employees’ performance. Likewise, the results showed that workplace stress sub-scales were insignificantly positively related to employees’ performance. The results suggest that work place stress keeps employees on their toes leading to better performance. The study recommends that for the hospital to maintain the current and future performance levels, its management should moderate stress levels in order to harness the positive side of work place stress, short of which the negatives side of work place stress may prevail.
Socio-demographic determinants of health seeking desires of youth involved in substance abuse in Kinondoni Municipality - Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
(The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2020-07-31) Mbao, Ezekiel H.
The main purpose of this study was to identify and assess the role of socio-demographic factors associated with health seeking desires by young people involved in substance abuse in the Kinondoni Municipality of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The background of this study is in the fact that although little, if anything is known about social and demographic factors associated with the tendency of youth involved in substance abuse to seek health support and rehabilitating services. The study was informed by the Health Belief Model. The study was also guided by the positivist and constructivist paradigms based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data resulting from a mixed method of research approach. The study was nested in a cross-sectional descriptive survey with a blending of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The main target population was youth involved in substance abuse including persons who regularly interact with them in a variety of ways. Data was collected by using closed ended questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD’s) and documentary reviews. The methodology and support theories were triangulated to authenticate collected data. The respondents and participants in the study were randomly and purposively sampled out. Quantitative data was analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings show that sex, education level, and income were significant sociodemographic factors associated with the tendency and urge of youth involved in substance abuse to seek health support services. The age, marital and occupational status of the respondents were identified to be among the suspect sociodemographic determinants of the desire of persons involved in substance use to seek health support. The researcher concluded that social and demographic factors such as sex, education, income, age, marital status and occupation were associated with the urge of the concerned persons to seek health support. The researcher recommends that more efforts should be made to prevent and control substance abuse among the youth through inter alia strategies that integrate the identified factors. The government and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) should team up and collaborate in accommodating these socio-demographic factors in their planning initiatives in the joint effort to stamp out substance abuse in Tanzania.

Browsing by Author "Mbao, Ezekiel H."

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