Browsing by Author "Said, Fatma I."

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    Violence against children and self-esteem among secondary school adolescents in Zanzibar
    (Kairuki University, 2024) Said, Fatma I.
    Background: Violence against children comprise all forms of violence against people under 18 years old, whether perpetrated by parents or other caregivers, peers, romantic partners, or strangers. It’s a global concern and approximately one in two children aged 2 to 17 years across the world, experience violence each year which has life lifelong impact on the health and wellbeing of children according to WHO. Objectives: The broad objective was to determine the magnitude and specific types of violence against the children as well as to assess the level of self-esteem and the association with violence against the children among secondary school adolescents in Maghrib-B district in Zanzibar. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among secondary school adolescents. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Assessment of different forms of violence such as physical, emotional, negligent and sexual abuse was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The level of self-esteem was assessed using Rosenberg scale. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the level of self-esteem and violence against the children. A p-value of less or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Then Paired sample T test was used to compare means of level of self-esteem between student in public and private secondary schools. Results: A total of 352 participants were enrolled in the study. The magnitude of violence against children was noted among 252 (71.6%), regarding the type of violence against children emotional abuse was the prevalent in 225 963.9 %); followed by physical abuse in 184 (47.7 %), neglect abuse in 96 (27.3 %) and sexual abuse in 67 (19%). On the other hand the majority of participants had medium level of self esteem in 256 (72.75 %) of participants. Low self-esteem was observed in 80 (22.7 %) of participants. In addition, there was significant (p-value <0.05) association between emotional (χ2 = 15.5, p-value =0.01), physical (χ2=8.9, p-value = 0.04), sexual (χ2= 9.2, p-value =0.01), negligent (χ2 =15.1, p-value = 0.001) and low self-esteem. Participants from public schools had elevated mean self-esteem score (20.9 ± 4) compared to those from private schools (17.03 ± 3.6). Moreover, there was a trend towards low self-esteem of participants from private schools compared to those from public schools and the difference was statistically significant (p-value=0.001, T=3.8). Conclusions: The study found that secondary school adolescents in Maghrib-B district in Zanzibar experience average levels of violence against children, with emotional and physical abuse being the most common. Low self-esteem was significantly associated with VAC. Also, the result show participants from private schools have low self-esteem compared to those from the public schools.