Directorate of Postgraduate Studies

Permanent URI for this community

http://41.93.62.172:4000/handle/123456789/581

Browse

Browsing Directorate of Postgraduate Studies by Subject "Acute diarrhea"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Acute diarrhea in under five children in Dar es salaam: the burden of disease bacterial causes and pattern of antimicrobial resistance
    (Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, 2016) Mpongo, Pauline L.
    Background: Diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania included and is the leading cause of malnutrition globally. Each year diarrhea kills around 760,000 children less than five years and it is both preventable and treatable. Globally, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea disease every year. The aim of this study was to determine the burden of disease, microbial causes and pattern of antimicrobial resistant in children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study in which all children less than five years with acute diarrhea in the outpatient and inpatient of the 3 regional referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam. Stool samples were collected from 202 children and microbial pathogens were identified from stools by use of conventional method while viral rapid tests were used to identify viruses. Wet microscopic preparations for parasites and antimicrobial sensitivity were done using Kirby-Breuer disk diffusion method. Results: Most children with acute diarrhea 169 (83.7%) were below 24 months of age and only 33(16.3%) were above 24 months of age. More males 127 (62.9%) than females 75(37.1%) children were affected by acute diarrhea. Only male children in the age group less than 24 months had severe dehydration (1.8%). Fever was more common among children with bacteria diarrheal. In this study bacteria contributed to (7.5 %). B.coli (46.7%) being the commonest followed by Salmonella and Shigella 20% each. Least was V. cholera (13.3%). Viruses were the commonest causes of diarrhea in this study and were as follows:, Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Norovirus: 42%, 29% and 3.5% respectively. There was no case of Astrovirus isolated in this study. Protozoa and intestinal worms were identified in 5% each, while nonspecific findings were identified in 8% cases. All bacteria isolates of this study were susceptible to ciprofloxacin 91% and to Ceftriaxone 100%. On the other hand, all isolates were resistant to Cotrimoxazole except for Shigella which was moderately resistant (50%).