Paediatrics and Child Health
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Browsing Paediatrics and Child Health by Subject "Anaemia"
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Item Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia among children 3 to 59 months of age in Kinondoni municipal, Dar es Salaam: a facility-based cross-sectional study(East Africa Science, 2023-05-23) Malasa, Leonard J.; Rutachunzibwa, Felician; Fataki, Maulidi R.; Kalabamu, Florence S.Background: Iron deficiency with subsequent iron deficiency anemia is the most common micronutrient disorder in children below 5 years of age worldwide. The developing countries bear more weight on the problem as the result of multifactorial factors including but not limited to recurrent infections such as malaria, helminths infestation, and inadequate food security. However, its magnitude in children living in Kinondoni Municipal in Dar es salaam is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and how it is contributed by the presence of iron deficiency among children between 3-59months of age in the above-mentioned setting. Methods: A facility-based cross-section study was conducted among children 3-59months attending Reproductive and Child Health Services at Kairuki, Sinza Hospital, and Kambangwa dispensary. Children who met the criteria, their basic social demographic information, complete blood count and differentials as well as blood ferritin levels were collected to assess the level of anemia, erythrocytic indices, and iron deficiency. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS version 22). The magnitude of anemia and iron deficiencies were presented in percentages, and the relationship between hemoglobin and blood ferritin was assessed using Spearman’s correlation test for two continuous variables. The p-value of less or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 350 children were recruited for the study, 255 Children (72.9%) were anemic. Children below 24 months of age were more anemic compared to the older age group (X2 = 50, p <0.001). Furthermore, anemia was significantly associated with low ferritin levels (X2 = 65, p <0.001). Iron deficiency was found in 156 (44.6%) participants while iron deficiency anemia (low MCV, low ferritin, and low hemoglobin) was found in 138 (39.4%) participants. However, among 255 participants with anemia, 147(65.3%) had iron deficiency. There was a significant positive correlation between hemoglobin and blood ferritin levels (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.6; p<0.01. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was high among children and was highly associated with younger age and iron deficiency. To overcome this problem, appropriate interventions such as massive promotion of breastfeeding, appropriate complementary feeding, and ensuring food security are warranted.Item Red cell morphology and malaria anaemia in children with Southeast- Asian ovalocytosis band 3 in Papua New Guinea(British journal of haematology, 1998) Mgone, Charles S.Southeast-Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) was diagnosed in children from Madang, Papua New Guinea, by detection of the SAO band 3 gene variant using the polymerase chain reaction. SAO band 3 was present in 16/241 (6.6%) children living in the community and 32/389 (8.2%) children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria (P=0.42). SAO band 3 was detected in 8.2% (23/281) of alpha+-thalassaemia homozygotes, 9.4% (20/214) of heterozygotes and 2.4% (2/85) of children with a normal alpha-globin genotype (P=0.12). The most consistent feature of SAO band 3 on microscopy of thin blood films was red cells with two or more linear or irregularly-shaped pale regions. In children living in the community, these were present in 15 with SAO band 3 (sensitivity 93.8%) and only two normals (specificity 99.1%). The presence of > or = 20% ovalocytosis was a poorer indicator of SAO band 3 (sensitivity 68.8% and specificity 100%). Haematological data were similar in SAO band 3 and normal children. However, in children with acute malaria, haemoglobin levels and red cell counts were significantly lower in SAO band 3 than normal children. The degree of ovalocytosis was lower in children with SAO band 3 during acute malaria, suggesting that a selective loss of ovalocytes may contribute to malaria anaemia in Southeast-Asian ovalocytosis.Item Severity and morphological classification of anaemia among children aged 2- 59 months in dar es salaam, tanzania: a cross sectional study protocol(MedRxiv, 2022-11-11) Kalabamu, Florence S.; Fataki, Maulidi R.Background: Anaemia is a clinically significant secondary diagnosis in children under the age of five in most parts of developing world, including Tanzania. Studies that assess clinical conditions associated with prenatal and postnatal era are highly relevant to global health as they tend to reflect patterns of significant health challenges across the entire human lifespan. Objective: To assess for morphological characteristics and severity of anaemia among under-five population seen at Dar es Salaam regional referral facilities in Tanzania. Design & Methods: A cross-sectional hospital based study will be conducted at Temeke Regional Referral and Mbagala Rangi Tatu district hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All children aged 2-59 months will be eligible to participate in the study. All children aged 2 – 59 months with anaemia will be the target population. The study main tool will be a self-administered questionnaire with five distinct parts. Data analysis will commence with summarisation. Specifically, continuous data will be summarised using median (with inter-quartile range) and categorical data will be summarised using frequency (and proportion by %) Graphical tools will also be employed where by important correlations as well as +/- outliers will be assessed. Besides, univariate and bivariate statistics will be computed for all clinically relevant data. Main outcome measure will be severity and morphological classification of anaemia. Unless otherwise stated, an alpha-level of 5% will be used as a limit of type 1 error in findings. Written informed consent will be sought from the parent/guardian of each participant child prior to inclusion into the study. Keywords: Anaemia, children, Temeke, Dar es Salaam