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Item Meeting the needs of adolescents living with HIV through home based care: Lessons learned from Tanzania(Children and Youth Services Review, 2014) Mapunda, Pesiens S.Purpose Home based care is central to HIV care and support throughout Africa. Most programs have not addressed the unique needs of adolescents living with HIV, who display lower retention in HIV care and treatment adherence. This study examined the experiences of adolescents living with HIV in Tanzania in order to identify ways to improve home based care to better meet their needs. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in Dar es Salaam and Tanga Region consisting of in-depth interviews with 14 adolescents living with HIV, 10 primary caregivers, and 12 providers assigned to their households. Interviews examined adolescents' experiences of growing up with HIV, perceptions of current home based care, and challenges in increasing acceptability of services. Results We found the program did not align well with adolescents' expectations. Adolescents felt home based care to be more relevant to their caregivers and did not form independent relationships with providers. They expressed anxiety that participation might lead to inadvertent disclosure of their status and consequent discrimination. Both adolescents and their caregivers felt disappointment that no material or financial support was available despite widespread poverty, although they appreciated receiving psychosocial support and practical referrals. Providers demonstrated motivation to work with adolescents but acknowledged lacking requisite skills such as ways to communicate with young people and key messages to deliver. Conclusions Despite challenges, we identified feasible adaptations to make home based care more adolescent-centered. These include actively engaging adolescents in program design, improving provider training in communication with adolescents, and proactively addressing unrealistic expectations. Finally, increasing referral links to a wider range of services could improve program effectiveness by integrating it into a broader development approachItem Oro-dental injuries and their management among children and adolescents in Tanzania(East African medical journal, 1999) Ntabaye, Moshi K.Object: To investigate, by utilising patient records, the occurrence of the various types of dental trauma and the treatment provided among children aged one to seventeen years. Design: A retrospective survey of dental clinic records. Setting: Paedodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Subjects: Records of 130 dental patients aged one to seventeen years who were treated in 1995 and 1996. Main Outcome Measure: Types of injuries (periodontal, soft tissue, dental tissues). Types of treatment given in relation to type of injury. Evaluation of treatment provided by using European treatment standards. Results: Soft tissue injuries were recorded in 49% of the patients. Periodontal and dental tissue injuries were recorded in 34% and 8% of the patients respectively. While injured teeth were extracted in 30% of the cases, soft tissues were stitched in 70% and antibiotics were prescribed in 34% of the patients respectively. Evaluation of treatment provided showed that 31%, 52% and 17% of the teeth received the correct, wrong and unnecessary treatment respectively. Conclusion: Our observations correlate well with other reports. However, efforts on standardisation of treatment for oro-dental injuries should be undertaken.