KAIRUKI UNIVERSITY REPOSITORY
Welcome to Kairuki University Institutional Repository (KUIR), an open-access digital archive managed by Kairuki University Library. We collect, organize, preserve, showcase, and share digital materials created by Kairuki University scholarly community. Our goal is to offer free access to academic works for researchers and the general public:
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
Recent Submissions
Unmet needs of young adults following first-episode psychosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Baseline findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial of basic income support
(South African Journal of Psychiatry,, 2026-02-16) Protas, Joyce
Background: People with psychosis have multiple and complex needs. The first episode of psychosis (FEP), as a distinct health challenge that occurs frequently during adolescence or early adult years, is a serious threat because of high levels of poverty among the youth in South Africa.
Aim: This study quantifies the needs among unemployed FEP adults aged 18–29 years in South Africa for potential early intervention targeting.
Setting: The study was conducted at government psychiatric facilities in Msunduzi Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.
Methods: As part of a pilot randomised controlled trial of an unconditional cash transfer (UCT) intervention, also known as basic income support (BIS), 60 FEP participants were enrolled, and we assessed their needs using the Camberwell Assessment of Needs, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and the Water Insecurity Experience Scale. Descriptive cross-sectional analyses were summarised for various domains of needs.
Results: Most participants were black people (n = 58, 96.7%), male (n = 47, 78.3%), with a median age of 23 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 20.0–25.5), with half being diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 30, 50%). The most significant severe unmet need was the inability to access government benefits to which one is entitled. Despite the limited availability of mental health services in South Africa, the majority reported that their need for managing psychotic symptoms was met or partially met.
Conclusion: The needs of youth must go beyond the temporary management of psychotic symptoms.
Feasibility and acceptability of unconditional cashtransfers intervention among unemployed youngadults with first-episode psychosis in South Africa: apilot randomized controlled trial
(Routledge, 2026-04-25) Protas, Joyce
There is a lack of high-quality evidence on cash transfers as an intervention to support young people with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Africa. To address this gap, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 3-month follow-up period to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an unconditional cash transfer (UCT) intervention among FEP. We enrolled 60 unemployed young adults (18–29 years) with FEP from three public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, SA, and allocated participants into the intervention (n = 30) or the control arm (n = 30) using simple randomization. The intervention arm participants received a monthly transfer of R1,350 for three consecutive months. All 30 participants in the intervention arm completed the three-month follow-up, and 24 (80%) completed follow-up in the control arm. Although the effect of UCT on clinical and social outcomes is not the primary focus of this RCT, we observed significantly greater quality of life (p < 0.05) and medication adherence (p < 0.02) in the intervention group as compared to control group at the 3-month follow-up period. Although personal/social functioning challenge (p = 0.24) and cumulative relapses (p = 0.10) were greater in the control group, no statistically significant group differences were observed. Our study contributes the first evidence on UCT feasibility and acceptability for FEP.
Understanding Impeding Contexts to Implementation of the Abuja Declaration: Factors Associated with None Use of Treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in Tanzania
(Tanzania Medical Journal, 2025-12-09) Deogratias Gabriel, R; Innocent Semali , A
Background
Malaria remains a significant public health problem despite ongoing efforts that began with Abuja Declaration on Roll Back Malaria (RBM) then Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030 including RBM Partnership Strategic Plan 2018–2020. The Abuja Declaration's goal was to ensure that by 2005, 60% of pregnant women and children slept under a treated bed net (ITN), consequently reducing the burden of malaria by half. Ten years after Abuja Declaration Analysis of the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHMIS) 2015-2016 data that succeeded the Abuja Declaration target was done to shed light on factors to be addressed to bridge the gap to the target thus informing ongoing Malaria control strategies.
Methodology
It included extraction, cleaning and analysis of data for 1137 pregnant women that included bivariate analysis of the association of ITN and independent variables using STATA 12. Variables with p-value <0.02 were include in multivariate log-binomial regression model to determine independent variables, the significance level was p-value = 0.05.
Results
The study included 1137 pregnant women of whom 55.7% slept under an ITN the previous night. Those with high likelihood of sleeping under an ITN were women from the richest wealth quintile compared with poorest; AOR=2.24395% CI (1.523-3.305); also having three or more under-five children AOR=2.9095%CI (1.511-5.57) and coming from house hold having a radio AOR=1.42 95%CI (1.05-1.91). Low likelihood was observed among those without health insurance AOR 0.44, 95CI (0.24-0.78) and coming from household without electricity AOR=0.36, 95%CI (0.14-0.94), these were significantly associated with pregnant women sleeping under a treated bed net last night.
Conclusion and recommendations
Abuja declaration gap to target was significant despite the ongoing efforts, since only 55.5% pregnant women utilized ITNs compared to 2005 Abuja 60% target and hence it has been off-track for the ten years. Factors associated were wealth, fewer children in a household, electrified households, radios possession and health insurance enrolment. Thus, it is recommended to merge strategies on access to media, knowledge empowerment and poverty alleviations along with sustained access to treated bed nets to be on track with the rollback malaria strategies.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-positive women on art before and during pregnancy delivered At Mwananyamala and Amana Hospitals, From December 2018 To July 2019
(Hubert Kairuki Memorial University, 2019) Mzige,Hamza M.
Background: Adverse pregnancy outcome among HIV positive women who delivery are those observation in the studies which have shown that HIV infection with associated with varying with rates of stillbirth, perinatal and infants mortality, intra-uterine fetal growth restriction and low birth weight and chorioamnionitis.
HIV in pregnancy is a problem that needs special consideration as far as fetal and maternal wellbeing was concerned. Is a major medical problem encountered especially in developing countries including Tanzania and is associated with high morbidities and mortality. It is associated with detrimental fetal outcome especially when the patient has advanced stage of the diseases. (19, 20).
Objective: To determine adverse pregnancy outcomes among HIV-positive women delivered at Mwananyamala and Amana Hospitals in Dar es Salaam.
Study Design: A Descriptive cross sectional study was used.
Study Area: Mwananyamala and Amana Regional Referral Hospitals in Dar es Salaam.
Study Population: All HIV positive pregnant women on ART before and during pregnancy, delivery at Mwananyamala and Amana Regional Referral Hospitals in Dar es Salaam.
Data Collection and Analysis: The collected data were checked for quality, Coding was done before entering the data into the computer statistical program. Analysis was done. Structured questionnaire was filled.
Results: In this study prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcome among HIV pregnancy women on ART was found to be 19.5%; delivery by caesarian section, and 1.24%; by assisted delivery, while 27.02%; had preterm delivery which is higher compared to the study conducted in Tanzania Urban and Rural in 2014 where by the prevalence was 11%. This result was also contrary to the study conducted in Zanzibar prevalence was found to be lower by 3%.
Conclusion: This study has found that postnatal women who were started ART during pregnancy were at higher risk of getting newborn with adverse outcome compared to those who started ART before pregnancy.
Acceptability Among Healthcare Providers of In Situ, Low-Dose, High-Frequency Neonatal Resuscitation Simulation Training Using Innovative Tools: Evidence from the Safer Births Bundle of Care
(Children, 2025-07-02) Kalabamu Florence S.
Introduction: Newborn mortality is unacceptably high, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The Safer Births Bundle of Care (SBBC) was implemented in Tanzania, including training of healthcare workers on neonatal resuscitation by means of frequent in situ simulation training using improved training tools. We aimed to assess the acceptability of this training model among healthcare providers in selected health facilities under SBBC intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers in labor wards and obstetric theaters in selected facilities one year after the introduction of the SBBC model. The theoretical framework for assessment of the acceptability of healthcare interventions was used to assess the acceptability of the training model and accompanying tools. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between acceptability in specific constructs and average individual practice per month, while a modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with acceptability in specific framework constructs. Results: A total of 227 healthcare workers were enrolled in the study. Overall, 223 (98.2%) accepted the intervention. However, 207 (91.2%) reported that the intervention increased their work burden, while 39 (17.2%) reported that it interfered with other equally important activities. The level of health facility was independently associated with the reporting that engaging in simulation practice interfered with other equally important activities. Conclusions: In situ, low-dose, high-frequency facility-based simulation training for neonatal resuscitation was highly acceptable among healthcare providers. However, the perceived increased work burden of this intervention and interference with other equally important activities were identified as potential threats to successful implementation.
Keywords: acceptability; simulation; resuscitation; Neonatalie Live; NeoBeat