Magnitude, antimicrobial susceptibility and factors associated with abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age attending kairuki hospital, Dar es Salaam
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Date
2025
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Kairuki university
Abstract
Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge is a prevalent health concern among women of reproductive age and can result from various infectious and non-infectious conditions. Understanding its magnitude, causative pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance patterns is crucial for effective management and intervention.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge, assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the causative pathogens, and identify associated factors among women of reproductive age attending Kairuki Hospital in Dar es Salaam between March and May 2025.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 311 participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, and associated factors were collected through structured questionnaires, and clinical assessments. Laboratory investigations were performed to identify causative pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Version 22, applying both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.
Result: A total of 311 women of reproductive age participated, with a mean of 30.3 years. The majority were aged 20-29 years, unmarried, and self-employed. Abnormal vaginal discharge was reported in 63.6% of participants. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (45.2%), E. coli (25.1%) and coagulase- negative Staphylococci (23.7%).High antimicrobial sensitivity was observed with ciprofloxacin,cefoxitin,and gentamicin, whereas doxycycline and chloramphenicol showed the greatest resistance. Abnormal discharge was significantly associated with younger age, unmarried status, unemployment income, pregnancy, and contraceptive use. No significant association was observed with education level, health insurance coverage, alcohol consumption, or smoking.
Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed a notably high prevalence (63.6%) of abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age, indicating that reproductive tract infections remain a significant public health concern. The predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and other opportunistic
bacteria suggests possible lapses in personal hygiene, inappropriate antibiotic use, or changing sexual behaviors. The observed resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as doxycycline highlights emerging antimicrobial resistance within the community. The associations with younger age, unemployment, low income, and contraceptive use reflect the influence of socio-economic and behavioral factors on women’s reproductive health. Overall, these findings underscore the need for enhanced preventive strategies, improved health education, and rational antibiotic use. The study recommends strengthen antimicrobial stewardship, enhance health education, Routine screening and further research.
Description
A dissertation submitted in (partial) fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in obstetrics and gynaecology of Kairuki University
Keywords
antimicrobial susceptibility, vaginal discharge, reproductive age
Citation
Francis, Annuciatha 2025. Magnitude, antimicrobial susceptibility and factors associated with abnormal vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age attending kairuki hospital, Dar es Salaam. Dissertation. Kairuki university