Profile of fasting blood glucose among secondary school students in Dar Es Salaam Region: A cross- sectional study
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Date
2024-05-04
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Publisher
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences
Abstract
Introduction: Of recent eras, there has been a dramatic increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus among children
and adolescents. Female gender, childhood hypertension, overweight and obesity have been reported as the
main risk factors for pre-diabetes and diabetes among children and adolescents. Screening children and
adolescents for type 2 diabetes mellitus helps earlier detection and interventions for the disease.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the profile of fasting blood glucose among secondary school
students in Dar es Salaam.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. Structured
questionnaires were used to obtain demographic information. Anthropometric measurements were taken using
standard methods. Fasting blood samples were collected for blood glucose. The American Diabetic Association
and International Diabetic Federation criteria were utilized.
Results: A total of 217 participants were enrolled; 32% (69) were males and 68% (148) were females, 75%
(162) were in 14-17years age group. Students from private and public schools were 52% (113) and 48% (104)
respectively. Fasting blood glucose levels were distributed as follows; normal level 87 %( 189), impaired/pre-
diabetes 11.5 %( 25) and diabetes 1.4% (3). Impaired fasting blood glucose was significantly higher among
students aged 18-19; 16.4% (9) with p-value 0.044. Similarly, diabetes was significantly higher among students
within age group of 18-19 years 3.6% (2) than 14-17 age group counterparts.
Prevalence of central obesity was 22% (48) which was higher among pre-diabetes 46% (22) and diabetes
6.1%(3) groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p value <0.001).
Conclusion: Normal fasting blood glucose among secondary school students in Dar es Salaam is 6.7 fold of the
abnormal with pre-diabetes being the commonest abnormality which is significantly prevalent among private
schools and elder students with central obesity.
Description
Keywords
Fasting blood glucose, Pre-diabetes, Secondary schools; students
Citation
Lwabukuna,WC.,Ngemera,J.,2024.Profile of fasting blood glucose among secondary school students in Dar Es Salaam Region: A cross- sectional study.