Pattern of kidney disease among adult Hypertensive patients attending cardiac clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Date
2024-07-11
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a worldwide public health challenge. Over the years it has become one of the
leading cause of kidney disease. This is due to closely interlinked pathophysiological states such that sustained
hypertension impairs kidney function. Progressive decline in kidney function conversely leads to worsening
hypertension. Early detection of indicators of kidney disease among hypertensive individuals and timely
preventive intervention are the key strategies to prevent development of kidney disease among hypertensive
patients.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of kidney disease among adult hypertensive patients
in Dar es Salaam.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Questionnaires were applied for social-demographic
data. Blood pressure, body weight and height were measured using standardized methods. Blood sample was
collected to measure serum creatinine and estimated GFR using CKD EPI2021, while urine was collected for
biochemical analysis, dipstick method and albumin creatinine ratio.
Results: A total of 400 hypertensive patients were enrolled in this study, 287 (72%) were females; 249(62%) had
primary education, 232(58%) were unemployed, 240 (60%) had history of hypertension less than 10 years,
346(86.5%) had no history of alcohol consumption and 380(95%) had no history of cigarette smoking.
Furthermore 240(60%) and 211(52.8%) had a blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg for systolic and ≥90 mmHg for
diastolic respectively. BMI of ≥25kg/m2 was found among 236(59%). Reduced eGFR (<60Ml/Min/1.73M 2) and
micro albuminuria were observed among 119 (30%) and 179(61.5%) respectively.
Conclusion: Acute Kidney Injury, Nephrotic Syndrome and End Stage Renal Disease were found to be the main
kidney diseases among hypertensive patients, while higher systolic blood pressure, advanced age, long standing
hypertension and unemployment being significant risk factors for decreased eGFR.
Keywords: Kidney disease, Hypertensive patients, Cardiac clinics
Description
Keywords
Kidney disease, Hypertensive patients, Cardiac clinics
Citation
Maiseri,A,Lwabukuna,W.C,Mgonda,Y.2024.Pattern of kidney disease among adult Hypertensive patients attending cardiac clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania