Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, risk factors, aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity in women of reproductive age attending Amana regional referral hospital
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Date
2025
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Kairui University
Abstract
Introduction: In Sub Saharan Africa, recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease remains a major public health challenge, accounting for a significant proportion of reproductive tract infection. However, data on its burden and determinants remain incomplete in many settings.
Objectives: To assess the risk factors, aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of recurrent PID in women of reproductive age 15 to 49 years attending Amana Hospital.
Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2025. Data was collected using structured questionnaires with socio-demographic and reproductive factors, clinical examinations, and high vaginal swabs for microbiological analysis.
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 with descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors, bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
Results: A total of 165 women of reproductive age were recruited. The majority of participants were aged between 21 and 25 years (80, 48.5%). Nearly half reported a history of STIs; 120 (72.7%) had a new sexual partner, and 113 (68.5%) reported multiple sexual partners. Seven bacterial species were identified, with N. gonorrhoea (31, 22.3%), C. trachomatis (24, 17.3%), E. coli (23, 16.5%), and S. aureus (23, 16.5%) being most common. High susceptibility was observed to ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and clarithromycin across isolates. Recurrent PID prevalence was 6.1%. Recurrent PID was significantly associated with several factors in the multivariable analysis. Women aged 15–24 years were 3.7 times more likely to develop recurrent PID when compared to older women (AOR = 3.7; 95% CI: 1.92–7.14; p = 0.030). A previous history of STIs was also a strong predictor (A.O.R = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.71–7.26; p = 0.001). The risk was 3.5 times among women with more than one sexual partner (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.53–7.83; p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Recurrent PID was significantly associated with prior history of STIs, younger age and high-risk sexual behaviors. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis as the main bacterial causes of recurrent PID among women at Amana Regional Referral Hospital, with E. coli and S. aureus also isolated. Antimicrobial testing showed high effectiveness of ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, but notable resistance to penicillin.
Description
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for master’s degree in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Kairuki University
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Mkwavi, Amani M. 2025. Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, risk factors, aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity in women of reproductive age attending Amana regional referral hospital. Dissertation. Kairuki University