Mashalla, Yohana J.2021-10-282021-10-282001-01Mashalla, Y.J. 2001. Research involving human subjects: Ownership, control, and access to research medical records.Research gate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293452042_16_Research_involving_human_subjects_Ownership_control_and_access_to_research_medical_recordshttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/849For centuries the perception of research involving human subjects, has been beyond argument, and human subjects have volunteered unconditionally to participate in researches. The image of medical research has now become even more favourable because of the HIV pandemic, and demands from women and other groups that they be included in the surveys. However, researches which have not been well thought out, and or are improperly executed, may be associated with risks to the participating subjects. The risks range from possible exploitation, especially of vulnerable groups such as the sick, women, children, the poor, and other people, who for some reasons may not have the capacity to give informed consent. Research involving human subjects may also cause physical and or psychological damage to the participating subjects, especially where the integrity and cultural values of the individuals are transgressed. The Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, CIOMS Guidelines on Biomedical Research, and other country specific codes, are among those commonly used as reference guidelines on research involving human subjects. While such guidelines have shown positive results, issues related to ownership, access, and control of research results, are still inadequately covered. It is expected that with research being associated with risks of varying severity, clear and precise guidance should be given on the rights of participating subjects to the results of the research. It should be borne in mind however, that whatever recommendations are to be made the autonomy and integrity of the participating subjects and their cultures should always be respected.enResearchMedical recordsHumanArticle